Which of the following describes a clean-contaminated surgical wound?

A clean-contaminated surgical wound is defined as a surgical incision where the respiratory, alimentary, or genitourinary tract is entered under controlled conditions, leading to a moderate risk of infection. In the context of the choices given, gastric bypass surgery fits this definition because it involves entering the gastrointestinal tract, which inherently has a higher level of microbial presence compared to other surgical sites.

Gastric bypass is performed surgically on the digestive system, specifically the stomach and small intestine, and although the procedure is done under sterile conditions, it does involve direct manipulation of the gastrointestinal tract. This manipulation introduces a potential for contamination from normal flora. Hence, it is classified as clean-contaminated.

In contrast, surgical procedures like appendectomy and hernia repair are often considered clean-contaminated as well, but the specific nature of gastric bypass—altering the gastrointestinal anatomy—places it squarely within this classification. Fracture repair, on the other hand, is typically considered a clean procedure as it does not involve entering any hollow organ.