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The surgical procedure involving the removal of the gallbladder is commonly referred to as cholecystectomy. This term is derived from the Greek words "chole" meaning bile, "cyst" meaning sac, and "ectomy" meaning removal. The gallbladder is a small organ that stores bile produced by the liver, which is important for digesting fats. A cholecystectomy is typically performed when patients have gallstones or other gallbladder-related issues that cause pain or complications.

The other terms listed refer to different surgical procedures: an appendectomy is the removal of the appendix; herniorrhaphy involves repairing a hernia; and gastrectomy refers to the removal of part or all of the stomach. Each of these procedures addresses different medical conditions and is not related to the gallbladder or its removal.