What procedure is typically used to treat hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, often requires intervention to manage the excess fluid and alleviate increased intracranial pressure. The procedure most commonly employed for this condition is the placement of a ventricular-peritoneal (VP) shunt.

A VP shunt functions by diverting the excess CSF from the ventricles, where it has accumulated, to the peritoneal cavity, where it can be absorbed by the body. This surgical intervention provides a long-term solution and helps prevent the complications associated with untreated hydrocephalus. The advantage of a VP shunt is its effectiveness in continuously draining CSF, thus helping to maintain normal intracranial pressure over time.

Other procedures, such as lumbar punctures, external ventricular drains (EVDs), and burr hole drainage, are treatments that may be used in specific circumstances or for temporary relief. For instance, lumbar punctures are generally diagnostic and not a long-term treatment option for hydrocephalus. External ventricular drains can be used for short-term management, particularly in acute scenarios, but they do not offer the same permanent solution as a VP shunt. Burr hole drainage may be