What is the name of the connective tissue layer surrounding the liver that encases the hepatic artery and portal vein?

The connective tissue layer surrounding the liver that encases the hepatic artery and portal vein is known as Glisson's capsule. This fibrous layer provides structural support to the liver, integrating its vasculature and biliary structures. Glisson's capsule serves an important role in protecting the liver and contributing to its overall form, while also housing the portal triad, which includes the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts.

Other options refer to different structures: the peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs; fascia refers to connective tissue layers that are part of various structures in the body but do not specifically encapsulate the liver; and mesentery pertains to the folds of peritoneum that attach the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall. Thus, Glisson's capsule is uniquely identified as the connective tissue that specifically encases the liver's blood supply and structures.