What is the initial incision layer when performing an extracapsular cataract extraction?

In the procedure of extracapsular cataract extraction, the initial incision is made in the cornea. This step is crucial as it provides access to the anterior chamber of the eye, allowing the surgeon to reach the lens. The corneal incision is designed to create a clear pathway for both the subsequent phacoemulsification of the cataract and the removal of the lens, while also minimizing trauma to the surrounding ocular structures.

The cornea is chosen for the initial incision because it is the outermost layer of the eye and has the necessary transparency for visualization during the surgery. The incision typically occurs at a precise location to ensure proper access while preserving as much corneal tissue as possible and maintaining the integrity of the eye.

In contrast, the sclera, iris, and lens capsule are not the initial incision sites in this procedure. The sclera, which is the white part of the eye, may be involved in other types of surgical access but is not the first layer cut in this specific operation. The iris, located behind the cornea, is crucial for regulating light but is not part of the incision strategy for cataract extraction. Lastly, the lens capsule, which encases the lens itself, is encountered later in the procedure once access through