What gland is removed along with the kidney in a radical nephrectomy?

In a radical nephrectomy, the adrenal gland is typically removed along with the kidney. The procedure involves excising the entire kidney, including its surrounding tissues, and in many cases, the associated adrenal gland, which sits directly on top of each kidney. This is primarily done to ensure that any potential cancerous cells that could have spread to the adrenal gland are removed, particularly if the reason for the nephrectomy is cancer. This is important for comprehensive treatment and reducing the risk of recurrence.

The other glands listed, including the thyroid, pituitary, and pancreas, are not associated with the kidneys or involved in this surgical procedure. The thyroid gland is located in the neck, the pituitary gland is situated at the base of the brain, and the pancreas is located in the abdomen but is functionally and anatomically distinct from the kidneys. Therefore, they are not removed during a radical nephrectomy.