Which of the following procedures involves the removal of the urinary bladder?

The procedure that involves the removal of the urinary bladder is known as cystectomy. This surgical operation typically aims to address conditions such as bladder cancer, severe bladder dysfunction, or inflammatory diseases affecting the bladder. During a cystectomy, the entire bladder may be removed (radical cystectomy), or it may involve partial removal depending on the extent of the disease and the individual's condition.

Nephrectomy, on the other hand, refers to the removal of a kidney, not the bladder; ureterectomy involves the removal of the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder; and prostatectomy pertains to the surgical removal of the prostate gland in males. Thus, cystectomy is unique in its focus on the urinary bladder, making it the correct choice in this context.