What condition is a common indication for a Nissen fundoplication?

Nissen fundoplication is a surgical procedure primarily indicated for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This condition occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and potential long-term complications like esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus. In cases where GERD is refractory to medical management, Nissen fundoplication provides a mechanism to prevent the reflux by wrapping the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus, thereby creating a one-way valve that reduces acid exposure.

While esophageal stricture and hiatal hernia can be associated with or secondary to chronic GERD, they are not the primary indications for the Nissen procedure itself. Peptic ulcer disease may be treated by other means such as medical management or partial gastrectomy, but it does not typically require fundoplication. Therefore, the most accurate and direct answer for the condition that commonly indicates the need for a Nissen fundoplication is gastroesophageal reflux disease.