Irving, Pomeroy, and Parkland techniques are associated with which open procedure?

The Irving, Pomeroy, and Parkland techniques are specifically linked to the open procedure of tubal ligation. These techniques refer to different methods of occluding the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. Each method has its nuances regarding how the tubes are cut, tied, or sealed, but they all serve the same purpose of female sterilization.

In contrast, the other options—appendectomy, hysterectomy, and cholecystectomy—entail different surgical goals and approaches. An appendectomy focuses on the removal of the appendix, a hysterectomy involves the surgical removal of the uterus, and a cholecystectomy targets the gallbladder. None of these procedures utilize the Irving, Pomeroy, or Parkland techniques, which is why tubal ligation is the correct association in this context.